公务员考试中常考的小数包括以下几类：
常见分数对应的小数
1/2 = 0.5 = 50%
1/3 ≈ 0.333 = 33.3%
2/3 ≈ 0.667 = 66.7%
1/4 = 0.25 = 25%
3/4 = 0.75 = 75%
1/5 = 0.2 = 20%
2/5 = 0.4 = 40%
3/5 = 0.6 = 60%
4/5 = 0.8 = 80%
1/6 ≈ 0.167 = 16.7%
5/6 ≈ 0.833 = 83.3%
1/7 ≈ 0.143 = 14.3%
2/7 ≈ 0.286 = 28.6%
3/7 ≈ 0.429 = 42.9%
4/7 ≈ 0.571 = 57.1%
5/7 ≈ 0.714 = 71.4%
6/7 ≈ 0.857 = 85.7%
1/8 = 0.125 = 12.5%
3/8 = 0.375 = 37.5%
5/8 = 0.625 = 62.5%
7/8 = 0.875 = 87.5%
1/9 ≈ 0.111 = 11.1%
特殊小数及其对应分数
0.333... = 1/3
0.667... = 2/3
0.25 = 1/4
0.75 = 3/4
0.2 = 1/5
0.4 = 2/5
0.6 = 3/5
0.8 = 4/5
0.167... = 1/6
0.833... = 5/6
0.143... = 1/7
0.286... = 2/7
0.429... = 3/7
0.571... = 4/7
0.714... = 5/7
0.857... = 6/7
0.125 = 1/8
0.375 = 3/8
0.625 = 5/8
0.875 = 7/8
无限不循环小数及其近似值
π ≈ 3.14159
e ≈ 2.71828
√2 ≈ 1.41421
√3 ≈ 1.73205
1.414... ≈ √2
1.732... ≈ √3
2.236... ≈ √3
2.449... ≈ √2
2.646... ≈ √2
这些小数在公务员考试的资料分析部分经常出现，掌握它们有助于提高解题速度和准确性。建议通过练习和记忆，将这些小数及其对应的分数熟练掌握。