考研英语阅读中的同义替换是一种常见的语言现象，它可以帮助作者使文章更加丰富、生动，同时避免重复。同义替换可以出现在词汇、语法、语义和语境层面。以下是一些常见的同义替换类型和例子：
同义词替换
词汇层面：
原词：improve
替换词：enhance, boost
语法层面：
原句：His performance was excellent.
替换句：The performance was excellent of him.
语义层面：
原句：Many people are suffering from malnutrition.
替换句：A large number of people are experiencing malnutrition.
语境层面：
根据上下文，选择与原词意思相近的词语进行替换。
重要词汇的同义替换
增加：increase, rise, grow, go up, escalate, augment
减少：decrease, reduce, decline, fall, drop, diminish
导致：lead to, cause, result in
其他同义表达
地位：status, rank
偏见：bias, prejudice, discrimination, inequality
组成：constitute, be made from/of, include, consist of
发行：issue, release, distribute, launch
授予：grant, award
结果：result, consequent, outcome, turn out to
交易：deal, trade, exchange, transaction
能力：ability, capability, potential, power
结束：fulfill, finish, accomplish, carryout, achieve, complete
语言：verbally, language, words, lingual
精确：accuracy, precision
以前：previous, former, latter, prior to
例子
Nonstandard == irregular == odd
absent from public discourse == be neglected == be overlooked
Ill == not/don’t
Come up with == put forward
expanding role in == expanding one’s influence
remains
理解并识别这些同义替换可以帮助考生在考研英语阅读中更好地理解文章内容和解答题目。在写作中，运用同义替换也能使文章显得更加丰富和高级。