翻译考研长难句可以采用以下几种方法：
顺序法
当英语长句的内容叙述层次与汉语基本一致时，可以按照英语原文表达的层次顺序翻译成汉语，从而使译文与英语原文的顺序基本一致。例如：
But now it is realized that supplies of some of them are limited, and it is even possible to give a reasonable estimate of their “expectation of life”, the time it will take to exhaust all known sources and reserves of these materials.
逆序法
英语有些长句的表达次序与汉语表达习惯不同，甚至完全相反，这时必须从原文后面开始翻译。在汉语中，定语修饰语和状语修饰语往往位于被修饰语之前；在英语中，许多修饰语常常位于被修饰语之后，因此翻译时往往要把原文的语序颠倒过来。例如：
It is realized that supplies of some of them are limited, and it is even possible to give a reasonable estimate of their “expectation of life”, the time it will take to exhaust all known sources and reserves of these materials.
分割句子法
首先，将长句分割成若干个短句，理清每个短句的结构和成分。然后，提炼出每个短句的主干部分，并确定各短句中的修饰成分及其关系。最后，将这些短句按照汉语的逻辑顺序重新组合。例如：
Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively； and 26 of George Bush’s predecessors （including his father） had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half.
提取主干法
对于长难句，首先要找出句子的主干部分，即主语、谓语和宾语，理解句子的核心含义。然后，识别并处理句子中的从句或修饰成分。例如：
Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed.
调整语序法
根据汉语的表达习惯，对英语长句的语序进行调整，使其符合现代汉语论理叙事的一般逻辑顺序。例如：
What makes this debate unique is that every meal we eat is at its very core.
通过以上方法，可以有效地翻译考研长难句，提高翻译准确性和流畅性。建议在实际翻译过程中，可以结合多种方法，灵活运用，以达到最佳翻译效果。