考研英语的翻译和长难句部分主要考查考生对英语句子结构的理解和翻译能力。以下是有关考研英语翻译和长难句复习的一些要点：
翻译题型特点
英语一：从文本中挑选5个长难句进行翻译。
英语二：挑选一段话进行翻译。
翻译技巧
提炼句子结构与成分：掌握句子结构是解决翻译题型的关键。
从句引导词：注意识别不同从句的引导词，如what, that, which等。
翻译实例分析
句子一：`For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.`
分析：
三段式结构：主句 + 并列句 + 虚拟语气句的倒装结构。
表语前置：正常语序应为`an underprivileged youngster might have been how able`。
句子二：`It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience ； but this effect is not a part of its original motive.`
分析：
主从复合句。
强调句式：`only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution.`
复习建议
理解句子结构：熟悉主从复合句、并列句、条件句等基本句型。
积累词汇：特别是关系词和连接词，如that, which, who, when, because等。
练习翻译：通过翻译练习来提高理解和表达能力。
参考译文：参考新东方在线考研频道整理的考研英语翻译复习长难句参考译文。
结语
掌握这些翻译技巧和策略，考生可以在考研英语的翻译和长难句部分取得更好的成绩。